| 1. |
- Kjärstad, Jan, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable use of energy carriers in the Kattegat/Skagerrak-region - a regional case study
- 2013
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Ingår i: The 8th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, SDEWES Conference Dubrovnik, Croatia, September 22-27, 2013.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper reports on a recently initiated interregional project on sustainable use of energy carriers in the Kattegat/Skagerrak-region (KASK) in Norway and Sweden. The work analyses and models large-scale integration of renewable power, the potential of process integration and energy efficiency improvements in key industries in the region and identifies cost efficient solutions for an energy efficient building stock. Energy and emission statistics along with energy and climate plans are used to investigate how well the current “path” with regard to energy use and GHG emissions fits within the corresponding plans for the region. The statistics is also used to define a Reference Energy System (RES) for the region which gives a structured mapping of the energy system of the region, comprising supply, conversion and end-use of the different energy carriers/sources in the region. Based on the analysis the aim of the project is to propose one or more pathways in the short, medium and long term towards a sustainable energy system in the region. The initial work shows that final energy use for parts of the region has actually increased by 25% since 1990 while GHG emissions have declined only marginally, by 3%. Furthermore, although most municipalities in the region have targets or at least visions on significant reductions both with regard to energy use and GHG emissions they lack a clear description (pathway) of how to reach these targets (visions). This clearly indicates that thorough analysis of the energy system in the region could provide valuable insights to decision makers and stakeholders on requirements and challenges for transforming the energy system to reach the visions.
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| 2. |
- Kjärstad, Jan, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Transforming the energy system in Västra Götaland and Halland – linking short term actions to long term goals
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study analyzes pathways to meet EU, national and regional targets for CO2 emissions, energy efficiency and penetration of renewable energy in the Swedish part of the Kattegat-Skagerrak region (KASK-SE), i.e. more specifically in the counties of Västra Götaland (VGR) and Halland. Special focus is placed on four areas: The potential for energy savings in the building sector, energy savings and fuel shifting in the energy intensive industry, large-scale deployment of renewables in the electricity generation sector and greenhouse gas emission reductions in the transport sector. The energy savings are through the implementation of different energy efficiency measures.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Mata Las Heras, Erika, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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A modelling strategy for energy, carbon, and cost assessments of building stocks.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7788. ; 56, s. 100-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the Energy, Carbon and Cost Assessment for Building Stocks (ECCABS) model, whichis a bottom-up model to assess energy-saving measures (ESM) and carbon dioxide (CO2) mitigationstrategies in building stocks. The model is based on a one-zone hourly heat balance that calculates thenet energy demand for a number of buildings representative of the building stock and an additional codefor the input and output data. The model generates results in terms of delivered energy, associated CO2emissions, and the costs of implementing different ESM. The results are extended to the entire buildingstock by means of weighting factors. Empirical and comparative validations of the heat-balance modellingof single buildings are presented. The building stock modelling is validated against the current Swedishresidential stock, for which the results of the modelling are in agreement with the statistical data. Usingthe model to assess a number of ESM reveals that the energy usage of the Swedish residential sector canbe reduced by 55% and the associated CO2 emissions can be reduced by 63%, with most of the ESM beingcost–effective. The applicability of the model to countries other than Sweden is under investigation.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Mata Las Heras, Erika, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Building-Stock Aggregation through Archetype Buildings: France, Germany, Spain and the UK
- 2014
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1323. ; 81, s. 270-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge regarding the characteristics of national building stocks is fundamental to understanding how the energy performance of the building stock can be improved. To facilitate large diversity and a number of buildings for such analyses, this paper presents a methodology by which national building stocks may be aggregated through archetype buildings. The methodology has been implemented and verified in four EU countries in regions with different climates, namely France, Germany, Spain and the UK. These countries account for about half of the final energy consumption of the EU-28 buildings. The analysis includes the residential and non-residential sectors (residential sector only for Germany). The number of archetypes per country has been defined according to different categories of building type, construction year, climate region and the main fuel source for heating purposes. The accuracy of the description is validated by simulating energy demand using the ECCABS Building Stock Model, and comparing the final energy demand modelled with corresponding statistical data. The total final energy demand calculated for these countries differs from available statistics by between -6% and +2 %, which is considered satisfactory. The proposed description of the building stock is being used as a basis for analyzing the potential for and cost of energy conservation measures.
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| 7. |
- Mata Las Heras, Erika, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Cost-effective retrofitting of Swedish residential buildings: effects of energy price developments and discount rates
- 2015
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Ingår i: Energy Efficiency. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1570-646X .- 1570-6478. ; 8:2, s. 223-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates how the cost-effectiveness of different energy-saving measures (ESMs) in buildings is dependent upon energy prices and discount rates. A bottom-up modelling methodology is used to assess the profitability of different ESMs for Swedish residential buildings. The cost-effectiveness and total techno-economical potential for energy saving of each ESM are calculated for three different scenarios of energy prices up to year 2050 and for different discount rates, including an estimate of the market potentials derived by applying the implicit discount rates given in the literature. The three energy-price scenarios give similar techno-economical reductions of delivered energy (by 31–42 %), as well as a similar ranking for the investigated cost-effective ESMs. This means that there are cost-efficient opportunities for energy reductions in Swedish households for any future developments of the energy prices investigated in this work. The energy price developments have lower impacts than interest rates on the techno-economical potentials of the different ESMs. Thus, increasing energy prices cannot be expected to promote significantly the adoption of ESMs, whereas facilitating the financing of investments in ESMs and reducing other consumer barriers should play key roles in the implementation of ESMs. The importance of allaying stakeholders’ reservations is further stressed by the fact that the estimated market potentials for the ESMs are significantly lower than the techno-economical potentials, underscoring the need for policy actions that accelerate the achievement of the identified techno-economical potentials.
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| 8. |
- Mata Las Heras, Erika, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Cost-Effectiveness of Retrofitting Swedish Buildings
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cost-Effective Energy Efficient Building Retrofitting: Materials, Technologies, Optimization and Case Studies. - 9780081011287 ; , s. 343-362
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter presents potentials for energy conservation through energy retrofitting of existing Swedish buildings, including residential and nonresidential buildings. The Swedish building stock is described with 1800 representative buildings, in a combination of sample and archetype buildings, and is modeled with a dynamic and detailed building-stock model. Ten individual energy conservation measures and 6 packages of measures are considered. The chapter also presents how the cost-effectiveness of the measures depends on energy prices, discount rates, and the assumed investment costs for the different measures. The results are presented and discussed separately for residential buildings, divided into single-family dwellings and multifamily dwellings, and nonresidential buildings.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Mata Las Heras, Erika, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Description of the European building stock through archetype buildings
- 2013
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Ingår i: 8th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems – SDEWES Conference, September 22-27, 2013, Dubrovnik, Croatia..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a methodology for systematic description of the EU building stock through archetype buildings with the aim to form a basis for analysing the potential for and cost of energy saving measures. The analysis includes the residential and non-residential sectors. Four countries in different climate regions, accounting for about half of the final energy consumption of EU-27 buildings, have been selected for the study, namely: France, Germany, Spain and UK. The number of archetypes per country has been defined corresponding to different categories of building type, construction year, climate region and main fuel source for heating. The accuracy of the description is validated by simulating energy demand with the building stock model ECCABS, and comparing the modelled final energy demand with corresponding data from statistics. The calculated total final energy demand for each country is within -9% and +3 % deviation from available statistics, which is considered satisfactory.
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